ANTHROPOMORPHISM, AVANT-GARDE, BILDUNGSROMAN

ANTHROPOMORPHISM

The word anthropomorphism was first used in the mid-1700s.The word derives from the Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos), "human", and μορφή(morphē), "shape" or "form"

We can say that it refers to human form of anything other than human being.

EXAMPLES FROM LITERATURE,FILM,ART

There are hundreds of examples of anthropomorphism in literature and television, and it is perhaps most common in children’s books. The television and book series Arthur is a good example, as are Guess How Much I Love You, Thomas The Train, Clifford: The Big Red Dog,Martha Speaks, and the classic animated films, The Land Before Time and Dumbo.

Writers and filmmakers also have used anthropomorphism with great effect for adults.Watership Down, which was made into a film in 1978, is a classic example in which rabbits are used to illustrate the hero’s journey, having discreet and separate personalities, a religion and a desire to form a utopian rabbit society. Human characteristics also appear with Mister Ed, a fictional talking horse who appeared in both short stories and a television series in the early 1960s, and many adults are familiar with the drug-addicted, socially awkward talking towel, Towelie, from South Park. In the 2007 film, Stardust, one of the main characters, Yvaine, is a star in human form who has fallen out of the sky. Similarly, an army of robots from another world fight valiantly to save Earth from the evil Decepticons in the 2007 movie, Transformers.

One of the most famous sculptures displaying human traits is The Lion Man. Experts think that it is at least 32,000 years old, and that it is one of the earliest examples of anthropomorphism. The famous picture by

Ron D'raine, First Kiss, is a popular contemporary example of this type of personification, featuring an adult giraffe leaning down to "kiss" her resting baby. 

Sited from :

http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-anthropomorphism.htm

Ron D'raine, First Kiss

HUMAN FORMS OF GREEK GODS FROM GREEK MYTHOLOGY

AVANT-GARDE

The avant-garde (from French, "advance guard" or "vanguard", literally "fore-guard") are people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect to art, culture and politics

SOME EXAMPLES OF AVANT-GARDE

E.E CUMMINGS (POET)                                

                                                                PABLO PICASSO ( PAINTER AND SCULPTOR)

             

             SAMUEL BECKETT ( IRISH PLAYWRIGHT)                                                     JAMES JOYCE ( WRITER )

BILDUNGSROMAN

A literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood

                                              

                                    

                                 
                                                                             

STORIFY

GOTHIC NOVELS

Here is my glog to give brief information and some examples of gothic literature 

http://yagmur07.edu.glogster.com/gothic-literature/




If you want you can read THE CASTLE OF OTRANTO online clicking the link below.

THE CASTLE OF OTRANTO 

Settings are like in the below pictures in gothic novels

As you see the setting is always dark and a gloomy places, castles or ancestral homes are mostly used in gothic novels to give a mysterious and scary atmosphere.

listen to ‘Gothic literature’ on Audioboo

METAPHORS AND SIMILES

A simile poem , Twinkle Twinkle:

“Twinkle, twinkle little star,

How I wonder what you are

Up above the world so high,

Like a diamond in the sky.”

Even great writers such as Shakespeare have used similes and examples of simile poems can be found among their work. For example, in his famous literary work, Romeo and Juliet in act 4 of the play, Capulet says “Death lies on her like an untimely frost.”

Robert Burns too used similes. For example:

“O my Luve's like a red, red rose

That's newly sprung in June;

O my Luve's like the melodie

That's sweetly played in tune.”

 In songs,you will oftenly come across similes 

Songs again have lots of metaphor examples 

 and poems 

I found really nice videos while searching good metaphor and simile examples. I think they are really helpful to get better understanding of metaphors and similes. I advice you not to skip them. 

Have fun !

 

CHARACTERS

Dynamic - A dynamic character is a person who changes over time, usually as a result of resolving a central conflict or facing a major crisis. Most dynamic characters tend to be central rather than peripheral characters, because resolving the conflict is the major role of central characters.

Static - A static character is someone who does not change over time; his or her personality does not transform or evolve.

An example of a dynamic character is Anakin Skywalker - Darth Vader. He turns into a bad character.

  ANAKIN                                          DARK SIDE OF HIM                                     DARTH VADER

  

Sherlock Holmes is an example of static character because he  basically the same in every single book

Round - A rounded character is anyone who has a complex personalitportrayed as a conflicted and contradictory person.
Flat   - A flat character is the opposite of a round character. This literary personality is notable for one kind of personality trait or characteristic.

Examples of Successful Static Characters

• Indiana Jones – Indiana Jones Trilogy – Fedora-wearing, whip-wielding, pugnacious archeologist.
• Sherlock Holmes – The Complete Sherlock Holmes - Pipe-smoking, deerstalker-doning, bipolar, neurotic brilliant detective.
• Captain Nemo – Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea - Revenge-driven, isolated, morose, technological genius.
• Homer Simpson – The Simpsons – Balding, slow-witted, Duff-chugging good-hearted father.
• Beavis - Beavis and Butthead TV Series - Horny, stupid, immature teenager.
• Donald Duck – Donald Duck Animated Shorts – Quick-tempered, lazy water fowl.
• Long John Silver – Treasure Island – One-legged, traitorous, greedy pirate.
• Kramer – Seinfeld – Bumbling, clumsy, delusional, slacker.
• Han Solo – Star Wars – Grumpy, sarcastic, opportunistic smuggler.
• Guybrush Threepwood – The Secret of Monkey Island – Goofy, quick-witted, naive pirate wannabe.
• Kermit the Frog – The Muppets – Green, pig-loving, humble amphibian.
• Eric Cartman – South Park – Outrageous, lethal, fat child.
• Tarzan – Tarzan Books – Vine-swinging, fast-learning, athletic ape-man.
• Mario – Super Mario Games – Mustache-wearing, pipe-hopping, mushroom-eating plumber.
• Robin Hood – Robin Hood Legend - Tight-wearing, arrow-shooting, merry outlaw.
• Classic James Bond – James Bond Books & Movies  - Martini-drinking, Tuxedo-wearing, Aston Martin-driving, manly assassin.
• Dracula – Dracula Novel – Blood-drinking, virgin-seducing, ancient vampire.
• Classic Superman – Superman Comics – Cape-wearing, kryptonite-avoiding, flying humanoid alien.
• Asterix – Asterix the Gaul -  Clever, potion-swigging, boar-eating, Caesar-defying Gaul.
• Classic Batman –  Batman Comics – Grim, rich, humorless, athletic, costumed detective genius.
• TinTin – The Adventures of TinTin – Intelligent, lucky, determined reporter.
• Captain Haddock – The Adventures of TinTin – Heavy-drinking, cursing, hot-headed ship captain.
• Classic Spiderman – Spiderman Comics – Web slinging, quick, costumed young adult superhero.
• Fone Bone – Bone Graphic Novel – Kind-hearted, innocent, Thorn-worshipping Bone.
• Classic Wolverine – X-Men Comics – Cigar smoking, quick-healing, hairy clawed mutant.
• Hellboy – Hellboy Comics – Catholic, Nazi-fighting, supernatural mystery-solving Hell Demon.
• Scrooge McDuck – Scrooge McDuck Comics – Cantankerous, greedy, honest, hard-working Scottish duck.

Examples of Successful Dynamic Characters

• Rick Blaine – Casablanca – From cynical, war-neutral casino owner to passionate selfless freedom fighter.
• Disney’s Aladdin – Aladdin – From thieving street rat to dishonest prince to honest hero.
• Rorschach – Watchmen – From unstable but sane crime fighter to uncompromising sociopath.
• Dr. Manhattan – Watchmen -From mortal average physicist to omniscient demigod.
• Bilbo Baggins – The Hobbit – From hobbit homebody to adventurous brave hero.
• Harry Potter – Harry Potter Books – From skinny orphaned child to mature world-saving wizard adult.
• Batman – Batman Begins – From orphaned billionaire to cowl donning merciless dark knight.
• Jean Valjean – Les Miserables – From ex-convict outcast to saintly mayor to beloved father to revolutionary hero.
• Edmund Dantes – The Count of Monte Cristo – From peasant ship captain to tormented prisoner to wealthy revenge-seeking count.
• Buzz Lightyear – Toy Story – From delusional hero to flightless self-accepting action figure.
• Michael Corleone – The Godfather – From optimistic war hero to ruthless mafia don.
• Darth Vader – Star Wars Episode VI – From dark villain to redeemed father.
• Maximus – Gladiator – From patriotic Roman general to Colosseum gladiator to savior of Rome.
• The Joker – Batman: The Killing Joke – From downtrodden comedian to insane brutal murderous clown.

(http://timvandevall.com/static-characters-dynamic-characters/ )

EXAMPLES OF ALLEGORY, ALLITERATION, AMBIGUITY, ANALOGY, ANAPHORA, ANASTROPHE

EXAMPLES

ALLEGORY

“Animal Farm”, written by George Orwell, is an allegory that uses animals on a farm to describe the overthrow of the last of the Russian Tsar Nicholas II and the Communist Revolution of Russia before WW II. The actions of the animals on the farm are used to expose the greed and corruption of the revolution. It also describes how powerful people can change the ideology of a society. One of the cardinal rules on the farm for the animals is:

ALLITERATION

1. Alice’s aunt ate apples and acorns around August.
2. Becky’s beagle barked and bayed, becoming bothersome for Billy.
3. Carrie's cat clawed her couch, creating chaos.
4. Dan’s dog dove deep in the dam, drinking dirty water as he dove.
5. Eric’s eagle eats eggs, enjoying each episode of eating.
6. Fred’s friends fried Fritos for Friday’s food.
7. Garry’s giraffe gobbled gooseberryies greedily, getting good at grabbing goodies.
8. Hannah’s home has heat hopefully.
9. Isaacs ice cream is interesting and Isaac is imbibing it.
10. Jesse’s jaguar is jumping and jiggling jauntily.  

(http://literary-devices.com/)

AMBIGUITY

Sir John Tenniel's illustration of the Caterpillar for Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is noted for its ambiguous central figure, whose head can be viewed as being a human male's face with a pointed nose and pointy chin or being the head end of an actual caterpillar, with the first two right "true" legs visible

Some other examples :

• A good life depends on a liver – liver may be an organ or simply a living person
• Foreigners are hunting dogs – hunting dogs? Unclear whether dogs were being hunted or foreigners are spoken of as dogs.
• Each of us saw her duck. – Duck? Not clear if the duck refers to an action of ducking or duck that is a bird.
• The passerby helps dog bite victim- Is it helping dog to bite someone? Or helping a person bitten by a dog? Not clear.
• “Nurse required for a baby about twenty years of age.” – twenty years old baby?

(http://literary-devices.com/)

ANALOGY

Analogy shows us the similarity between two things

-Just as a sword I the weapon of a warrior, a pen is the weapon of a writer.

                                                   

           

  -How a doctor diagnoses diseases like how a detective investigates crimes.

ANAPHORA

    **  A Tale of Two Cities” by Charles Dickens starts with following lines:

“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair.”

**

**

ANASTROPHE

 Glistens the dew upon the morning grass. (Normally: The dew glistens upon the morning grass)

            She looked at the sky dark and menacing. (Normally: She looked at the dark and menacing sky)

            Troubles, everybody's got. (Normally: Everybody's got troubles
          
             It only stands / Our lives upon, to use Our strongest hands
                  —Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra 2.1.50-51

(http://rhetoric.byu.edu/figures/A/anastrophe.htm)